NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION NEPAL

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of Nepal is an independent and autonomous body established in 2000 under the Human Rights Commission Act 1997 (2053 BS) and later made a constitutional body by the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007 (2063 BS). It has a distinct role within Nepal's constitutional legal framework, complementing other judicial and executive bodies like the Supreme Court and the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority. The NHRC was inspired by the 1991 UN-sponsored Paris Principles, which set standards for national human rights institutions, including independence, autonomy, and broad investigative powers.

The NHRC operates under the guidelines of these Paris Principles, ensuring its independence and ability to investigate human rights violations thoroughly. Article 132 of the Interim Constitution entrusts the NHRC with the primary responsibility to protect and promote human rights in Nepal. It can conduct inquiries, investigate complaints, and visit government institutions like jails to recommend necessary reforms. Additionally, the NHRC reviews constitutional and legal safeguards for human rights, studies international human rights treaties, and makes recommendations to the Government of Nepal for their effective implementation.

Apart from its investigative role, the NHRC is also involved in research, education, and advocacy for human rights. It promotes awareness through seminars and conferences and supports non-governmental organizations in their human rights efforts. The Commission consists of a chairperson and four full-time members appointed by the president, with administrative support from a secretary appointed by the prime minister. Funded by the government and grants from various agencies, the NHRC's accounts are audited by Nepal's auditor general, ensuring transparency and accountability in its operations.